Determinarea gradului dependenţei de import pentru produsele alimentare de origine vegetală în Republica Moldova

Abstract

The economic relations of the Republic of Moldova with other countries are based on the exchange of goods and food. The Republic of Moldova is not dependent on the import of cereal production because there are a large part of agricultural lands sown with these crops. The degree of import dependence of cereal production was reduced in 2016 compared to 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Our country is not dependent on the import of leguminous crops. A very low and relatively constant level of import dependence is attested to sunflower production. This situation is explained by the fact that agricultural producers specialize in cultivating this crop. The degree of dependence of potato imports registers normal values during the analyzed period, except 2015 year. An optimal level of import dependence degree is also attained at the production of vegetables and melons and gourds. The Republic of Moldova is dependent on the fruit production import, with the exception of 2016 year. Even if our country is over-ensured with fruit production, the import dependence is caused by the fact that we export raw materials (fruits), but we import finished products. Another cause is the insufficiency of refrigerators and, as a result, our fruit prodution is not accesible in the cold season. Grape production shows an optimal and relatively constant level of import dependence degree. The paper aims to determine the import dependence degree for food products of vegetable origin in the Republic of Moldova. The methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison were used in the investigation process, and the recent works in this field, as well as the statistical reports of the NBS formed the informational basis. The results show that the import of vegetables, plants, food roots and tubers increased in terms of value in 2017 compared to 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 years. The main cause is the reduction of the potatoes and vegetables quantity obtained in the Republic of Moldova in 2017 in comparison to these years, as well as their lack in the cold season. The import of edible fruit and nuts, citrus and melon peels in 2017 compared to 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 has been reduced, due to the increase of the fruit production volume obtained in 2017. The import in value expression of preparations of vegetables, fruits or other parts of plants decreased in 2017 compared to 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. The food industry of the Republic of Moldova is not modernized, it does not process much of the raw material. Thus, the import of miscellaneous edible preparations increased in 2017 compared to 2010, 2011, 2015 and 2016. JEL: Q 110