Perspectives on the Development of Renewable Energy in the Republic of Moldova in the Context of Economic Sustainability

Abstract

The development of renewable energy sources has become a strategic priority for strengthening energy security and supporting economic sustainability in the Republic of Moldova. Given the country’s high dependence on imported energy resources, the expansion of domestic renewable energy production is essential for reducing external vulnerabilities and improving economic resilience. This study aims to analyze the prospects for renewable energy development in the Republic of Moldova and to assess its impact on energy security and economic sustainability, with particular attention to the role of energy storage systems and regional energy hubs. The research is based on a mixed methodological approach that combines descriptive statistical analysis, energy scenario modeling for the period up to 2035, and an indicative economic evaluation of investments in renewable energy infrastructure. The results show that installed renewable electricity capacity increased rapidly, reaching approximately 950–980 MW by the end of 2025, while the share of renewable electricity in national consumption also grew significantly. At the same time, the effective use of this potential remains limited by the variability of solar and wind generation, grid constraints, and the lack of storage capacity. In response, the paper proposes a conceptual model based on three regional energy hubs integrating renewable generation, battery storage, and digital energy management systems. The findings suggest that such infrastructure could improve system flexibility, reduce energy imports, and support Moldova’s long-term energy transition. UDC: 620.97:502.131.1(478); JEL: Q42, Q48, O13