The Evolution of Gender Equality in the EU Candidate Countries

Abstract

This article explores the progress of gender equality in selected European Union (EU) candidate countries, focusing on a comparative analysis with the EU member states over the past decade. Key indicators will be evaluated to assess the status of gender equality, highlighting disparities and trends relative to the EU average. Among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promoting gender equality remains a central priority for governments worldwide, recognised as a fundamental driver of sustainable development and inclusive economic growth. Identifying existing gender gaps and harnessing the full potential of women is essential for achieving meaningful progress and long-term development. The analysis will explore the structure of employment using indirect indicators, including mortality rates, and will assess the overall quality of life for women in EU candidate countries. Particular attention will be given to the evolution of women’s participation in the labour force, expressed both as a share of the total labour force and relative to the female population. Additionally, the study will address aspects of vulnerability among women in these countries. Finally, the representation of women in top and middle management positions will be compared across the selected economies, offering further insights into gender-based disparities in leadership and decision-making roles. JEL: J16, J21, O52