Energy vulnerability-theoretical and practical approaches in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Purpose of the article: The paper aims to analyze the theoretical foundations of energy vulnerability and to assess their application in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting the transition from a narrow understanding of energy poverty to a multidimensional framework that incorporates economic, social, and technical dimensions. Methodology: The research employs a mixed approach, combining literature review, interpretation of official statistical data, and the evaluation of the regulatory framework, particularly Law no. 241/2022 and Government Decision no. 816/2024. Special attention is given to the digital platform “Energy Vulnerability Information System” (SIVE) as a tool for policy implementation and monitoring. Conclusions: The study shows that energy vulnerability is a more comprehensive and flexible analytical framework than energy poverty, essential for countries facing structural, economic, and social constraints. The Moldovan case demonstrates both the potential and limitations of digitalized compensation mechanisms, stressing the need for complementary structural measures such as energy efficiency investments and infrastructure modernization. Originality: The article contributes by integrating theoretical perspectives with the Moldovan practical experience, offering a case study on how digital tools and innovative eligibility algorithms can operationalize the concept of energy vulnerability in a context of limited resources. CZU: 620.9:364.22:338.2(478); JEL: Q48, O38, I32