Artificial Intelligence as a Driver of Human Resource Management Transformation: Opportunities, Risks and Strategic Directions

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping organizational processes and redefining the role of Human Resource Management (HRM). This paper aims to analyze how HRM is being redesigned in the context of AI-driven transformation, focusing on key opportunities, associated risks, and strategic directions for sustainable organizational development. The study is based on a qualitative, conceptual methodology, using secondary data derived from international reports and indices, including the World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report, OECD well-being frameworks, International Labour Organization analyses, and European policy documents. In addition, insights from the banking sector are considered as an illustrative context due to its advanced level of AI adoption. The findings indicate that AI enhances the efficiency of HR functions such as recruitment, performance management, and workforce analytics, while also enabling more personalized employee experiences. At the same time, the integration of AI introduces significant challenges, including algorithmic bias, ethical concerns, data privacy risks, and the potential depersonalization of workplace relationships. The paper argues that HRM must evolve towards a strategic and integrative role, ensuring a balance between technological innovation and employee well-being. A conceptual perspective is proposed to support organizations in adapting HR practices to AI-driven environments while maintaining a human-centered approach and long-term performance. UDC: 004.8:005.96; JEL: M12, M54, O33