Covid-19 and the Acceleration of Cross-Border Online Transactions: a Comparison Between the Republic of Moldova and Europe

Abstract

The COVID‑19 pandemic profoundly transformed global commerce and consumer behaviour, acting as a catalyst for the rapid adoption of online trade and cross‑border transactions. In response to lockdowns, mobility restrictions, and temporary closures of physical stores, both consumers and businesses increasingly relied on digital platforms to continue commercial activities. This study examines the impact of COVID‑19 on cross‑border e‑commerce growth in the Republic of Moldova compared with the broader European context, while also exploring long‑term post‑pandemic trends and structural changes in digital payment systems. Using a combination of market reports, official statistics, and academic research, the analysis highlights the differences in adoption rates, technological infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks between these regions. In Moldova, rapid growth in e‑commerce is observed, especially in mobile commerce and cross‑border transactions, although challenges remain due to limited digital payment integration and lower overall market maturity. In contrast, European markets exhibited accelerated adoption of digital commerce on top of already well-developed infrastructures, with integrated cross‑border payment systems and widespread consumer confidence in online platforms. The findings indicate that post-pandemic, online shopping habits are likely to remain elevated in both regions, with sustained growth driven by improved payment solutions, enhanced logistics, and increased digital literacy. Policy recommendations emphasize targeted investment in digital infrastructure, expanded adoption of electronic payments, and support for cross‑border trade mechanisms to ensure long-term resilience and competitiveness in the e‑commerce sector. UDC: 614.4:[004.738.5:339.5](478); JEL: L81, F14, O33, G21