Modern Libraries as Knowledge Infrastructure in the Digital Economy: New Functions in the Context of Smart Specialisation and Regional Development

Abstract

In the context of accelerated digitalization and the transition to a knowledge-based economy, modern libraries are undergoing a profound transformation of their institutional roles and functions. From traditional book repositories, they are evolving into multifunctional centers of digital inclusion, lifelong learning, and local innovation support. This transformation is particularly relevant within the framework of Smart Specialization Strategies (S3), which aims to leverage regional potential through Entrepreneurial Discovery Processes (EDP) and targeted innovation. The paper explores the role of public libraries in the Republic of Moldova as essential components of regional innovation ecosystems, especially in small towns and rural areas where access to technology and education is limited. Using qualitative analysis and European policy frameworks (RIS3, DESI, DigComp 2.0), the authors identify how libraries act as strategic nodes providing access to open data, training resources, collaborative spaces, and digital services. In facing challenges such as digital divides, institutional underfunding, and competition from commercial digital platforms, libraries are adapting by developing new functions aligned with regional development agendas. These include supporting S3/RIS3 strategies, participating in national innovation programs, promoting digital inclusion, and facilitating grassroots entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating libraries into national and regional strategies for sustainable development and digital transformation. JEL: O38, R58, I28, L86, O15