Cybersecurity among Users: Perceptions, Knowledge, and Realities

Abstract

In an increasingly digital world, cybersecurity has become a fundamental concern for both individuals and organizations. This paper explores users' perceptions, knowledge, and real-world behaviors related to digital security, based on the analysis of a questionnaire applied to a sample of 100 participants. The study investigates five thematic areas: awareness of cyber threats, personal and organizational experiences, individual security practices, openness to cybersecurity education, and expert perspectives on emerging solutions such as artificial intelligence. The results reveal a significant gap between theoretical awareness and actual behavior. While 93% of respondents correctly defined a cyberattack, only a small percentage actively apply good cybersecurity practices – such as updating software, using two-factor authentication, or changing passwords regularly. Furthermore, 37% of participants reported having been affected by cyber incidents, yet only a third of organizations reportedly use vulnerability detection tools on a regular basis. A notable proportion of respondents (58%) expressed willingness to participate in cybersecurity training if it were accessible and easy to understand, and over one-third recognized the value of artificial intelligence in enhancing security capabilities. This contrast between awareness and action underscores the urgent need for targeted digital education, user responsibility, and organizational investment in automated tools. The findings suggest that cybersecurity culture must be redefined as a shared responsibility, where users, institutions, and policymakers align efforts to foster a safer digital environment. The study contributes to a better understanding of the human factor in cybersecurity and outlines key directions for future training, policy, and technological adoption. UDC: [004.056+004.8]:[658.89+366.14]; JEL: D83, L86, O33.