Prudența în evaluarea stocurilor: de ce este importantă?

Abstract

The study analyzes the importance of observing the principle of prudence in the valuation of inventories, which has a direct impact on financial transparency and economic decisions of an entity. A correct and objective valuation of inventories, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, prevents overvaluation of assets and provides a true and fair view of the financial situation. The methodology used consists of a comparative analysis between the National Accounting Standard (SNC) "Inventories" and the International Accounting Standard (IAS 2) "Inventories," highlighting the differences in the recognition and classification of inventories. It also examines the influence of European regulations on national legislation and how they impact financial reporting. The study details the three types of stock valuation – initial, current, and subsequent – emphasizing the need to apply the principle of prudence to avoid financial distortions. The results show that failure to follow this principle can lead to incorrect reporting of assets and income, affecting key indicators such as the current liquidity ratio and the net profit for the year. To prevent such issues, it is recommended to use the "lower of cost or net realizable value" principle, constantly monitor inventories, and collaborate with auditors to ensure compliance with accounting standards. CZU: 657.422.7(478); JEL: M40, M41