Rolul politicii statale şi a iniţiativelor sectorului privat în formarea clusterelor economice: experienţa internaţională şi cazul Republicii Moldova

Abstract

Economic clusters proved their important role in helping societies to overcome the socioeconomic challenges of globalization, by making companies more competitive. Therefore, becoming an ingredient of territorial competitiveness, initiatives on cluster creation are carried out more and more frequently at the national, regional, and local level. Some initiatives are generated by the state, aiming to reach certain national strategic objectives, others have their roots in the private sector, the decision of companies to join their efforts for improving value chain. The author attempts to analyze the role of private sector initiatives and of the state programs / policies in the development of clusters, also by comparing the relevant experience both at the EU level, and at the level of countries, particularly focusing on the cases of France, Germany, Romania and R. Moldova. The research methods primarily consisted in analysis and synthesis of information, of various policy papers, guide-books and reports on clusters implementation. As a conclusion the author underlines that both public and private sectors have an important role in the clusterization process. In some countries clusters emerged as a natural tendency of companies, in others the state institutions played a central role. Additionally, in the developed countries, the role of state evolved from simple stimulation of cluster formation to their support in becoming global and innovative hubs. By contrast, in the developing countries the clusters phenomena are not widely spread, hence the state has to focus on policies and programs of clusters promotion and development. JEL: O2, O5.