Contabilitatea și raportarea impozitului pe venit in contextul vacantei fiscale

Abstract

This research analyzes the challenges and complexities generated by income tax accounting and reporting in situations where entities benefit from tax holidays. In the dynamic context of the tax reform and the modernization of the legislative framework in the Republic of Moldova, starting with January 1, 2023, a fiscal support measure for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) was implemented, by introducing para. (1¹) to art. 87 of the Fiscal Code. This measure allows the payment of income tax to be postponed for the 2023–2025 tax periods, until the effective distribution of dividends from the profit obtained, including in the form of shares or shares. Through this temporary derogation, the legislator aims to stimulate investments reintegrated into the economic cycle and encourage the capitalization of companies, without directly and immediately affecting the liquidity flow of economic agents. Considering these premises, the present study aims to analyze the accounting and tax treatment of income tax under the conditions of application of art. 87 para. (1¹), to highlight the implications for reporting and to formulate proposals for a standardization of accounting practice in the context of the tax holiday, in order to support fair and efficient tax governance. The methodology adopted is a qualitative one, based on a documentary analysis of the national tax legislation and relevant accounting standards. The results of the research indicate that tax holidays generate significant challenges in the recognition and measurement of income tax, requiring sound professional reasoning. The scientific contribution of the paper consists in providing a critical analysis of the interaction between tax policy and accounting treatment, highlighting the need for a better correlation between regulations. The practical implications aim to improve accounting and disclosure practices for entities benefiting from tax facilities, contributing to a more accurate picture of financial performance and position. CZU: 657.446:336.226.14; JEL: H21, H25, M41