Gender Equality as a Determining Factor in the Sustainable Development of Rural Communities in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Sustainable development represents one of the most important strategic directions of contemporary society, being founded on three essential pillars: economic progress, environmental protection, and social equity. Within this integrative concept, gender equality holds a central place, not only as a distinct objective of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but also as a cross-cutting element that directly influences all other objectives. In the context of the Republic of Moldova, the issue of gender equality gains particular relevance, especially in rural areas. Rural communities account for more than half of the country’s population and, therefore, represent a fundamental component of the national socio-economic structure. However, disparities between urban and rural areas remain significant, both in terms of access to resources and services, and in terms of participation in economic, educational and decision-making life. Women in rural areas frequently face limited employment opportunities, lower incomes, disproportionate household responsibilities and low participation in local decision-making. In addition, the persistence of gender stereotypes and traditional norms contributes to the perpetuation of inequalities and the slowdown of social progress. In recent years, the Republic of Moldova has made significant progress in terms of the normative and institutional framework for gender equality. The lack of supporting infrastructure (kindergartens, community centers, counseling services) and external migration, which strongly affects rural areas, amplify the vulnerability of communities and limit the impact of the measures adopted. This article aims to analyze the role of gender equality as a determining factor in the sustainable development of rural communities in the Republic of Moldova. JEL: J16