Gender-Based Violence in the Context of Multiculturality and International Economic Relations: Comparative Perspectives from Romania and Moldova in an EU Frame

Abstract

This article examines gender-based violence (GBV) through the lens of multiculturality and international economic relations, emphasizing its dual role as a human rights issue and a determinant of sustainable development. It draws on key international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, CEDAW, and the Istanbul Convention to analyze how GBV restricts women’s empowerment, limits labor market participation, perpetuates structural inequalities, and undermines social cohesion. The study applies a comparative approach, focusing on Moldova’s recent legal reforms and Romania’s more mature institutional framework. Moldova’s ratification of the Istanbul Convention and pioneering measures against digital violence illustrate its commitment to aligning with European standards. Romania contributes valuable good practices, including legal innovations, integrated services, and multicultural strategies. The findings highlight that multicultural contexts carry both risks, through entrenched patriarchal norms and opportunities, by fostering intercultural dialogue and policy learning. Addressing GBV requires mainstreaming gender equality across policy sectors, strengthening institutions, and leveraging international cooperation. Comparative and global insights show that reducing GBV is not only an ethical imperative but also a driver of inclusive growth and competitiveness. JEL: F22, J16, K37