International Practices in the Use of Supply and Use Tables (SUT) and Input–Output Tables (IOT)

Abstract

This paper explores the international practices in the construction and use of Supply and Use Tables (SUT) and Input–Output Tables (IOT) as fundamental tools for macroeconomic analysis, structural diagnostics, and evidence-based policymaking. The study examines both advanced economies—such as Finland, the Netherlands, France, Austria, and Germany-and transition or emerging economies, including Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, South Korea, Chile, and South Africa. In advanced contexts, SUT/IOT have evolved into integrated frameworks underpinning computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, social accounting matrices (SAM), and environmentally extended input–output systems, supporting complex simulations of fiscal, industrial, and environmental policies. In transition and emerging contexts, despite institutional and statistical constraints, governments have adopted innovative approaches, such as data reconstruction methods, econometric interpolation, and collaborative inter-institutional platforms, to ensure the operationalization of these models in fiscal planning, convergence scenarios, and resilience strategies. The comparative analysis highlights that SUT/IOT serve not only as statistical representations of economic structure but also as dynamic instruments for simulating reforms, assessing intersectoral dependencies, and anticipating the systemic effects of external shocks. The findings emphasize the importance of methodological flexibility, technological innovation, and transparent dissemination of results. Furthermore, they demonstrate that even under limited resources, adopting international standards and gradually implementing SUT/IOT-based models can provide economies in transition with robust analytical capacity, improved forecasting, and enhanced institutional credibility in policy design. JEL: D57, C68, E01