Enhancing Moldova’s Competitiveness in a Globalized Economy: Key Challenges and Strategic Imperatives

Abstract

In the context of globalization and geoeconomic fragmentation, the Republic of Moldova faces major challenges in strengthening its economic competitiveness. The reorientation of exports from the Russian market to the European Union market, following the signing of the Association Agreement, has brought both advantages in terms of logistics and trade, as well as difficulties related to strict standards and high competition within the EU. The study examines the evolution of Moldova’s foreign trade structure, the differences between the EU and Russian markets, and the internal barriers – corruption, legislative instability, limited access to finance, weak institutional capacity, and the emigration of skilled labor. The findings highlight the need to strengthen institutions, create a favorable business environment, stimulate innovation, and implement targeted programs aimed at retaining and attracting qualified human capital, in order to turn European integration into a driver of sustainable growth and competitiveness.