Emigration in the Republic of Moldova: causes and fiscal- budgetary effects

Abstract

Labor migration remains a global phenomenon and more and more countries remain to be affected by this phenomenon. One of the main causes of the intensification of the migration process is globalization. The increase in interdependence between countries, facilitated by technological development, the frequency of transactions in goods, services and capital, together with the development of telecommunications and international transport, have had the effect of increasing the number of people who saw international migration as a way to escape poverty, unemployment and social, economic and political pressures in the country of origin. The Republic of Moldova is not an exception, being severely affected by the phenomenon of migration. The specifics of the evolution of migration processes in the Republic of Moldova are conditioned both by socio-economic and political changes and the process of democratization of society, as well as the development of market relations, the emergence of opportunities to obtain citizenship of European Union countries and other developed countries, visa liberalization for the citizens of the Republic of Moldova, etc. International labor migration helps the citizens of the Republic of Moldova to survive in times of social and economic crisis, to cope with complex and profound socio-political, socio-economic and socio-cultural transformations. At the same time, it exacerbates a wide range of issues related to the socio-demographic security of the country and its subsequent civilizational development, but also has detrimental consequences on the budgetary-fiscal sector in the country. JEL: E62, F22, H69, O15, R23.